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 2020-12-24, 17:56 #2 kriesel     "TF79LL86GIMPS96gpu17" Mar 2017 US midwest 492410 Posts Mersenne rhymes As used here, a rhyme is an exponent that has in common several rightmost digits with another, in the same order. Rhymes in one number base likely will not be rhymes in most others, or only to lesser extent. Except as indicated, base ten is used here. (If there is an established term for this, please PM me and I'll adopt it here.) There is no reason to believe that if an exponent p corresponds to a Mersenne prime, that any rhyming prime exponent r = p + c x basen would also, at above the probability for a randomly chosen exponent. Yet in the category of dubious claims (or maybe math trolling), sometimes someone claims that one or more such rhyme's corresponding Mersenne number is prime. For example, 82589933, 102589933. (C 2, base 10, n 7; 7digit decimal rhyme, 0x4ec38ed, 0x61d65ed 2digit hexadecimal rhyme) emerged in this thread. Or the nearest prime to a rhyme as in https://www.mersenneforum.org/showpo...8&postcount=13, with the derivation speculatively described in https://www.mersenneforum.org/showpo...4&postcount=24. Rhymes among exponents of known Mersenne primes Empirically, it is straightforward to show that no two of the 51 known Mersenne primes' decimal exponents rhyme deeper than 3 decimal digits. A simple spreadsheet with exponents p, and cells p mod 10^n for n=1...4 and sorting by column for differing n is enough. Single digit rhymes are unavoidable in base 10 given the number of known Mersenne primes. The n+1-digit rhymes are a subset of the n-digit rhymes. The expected number of n+1-digit rhymes is ~1/10 the number of n-digit rhymes for n>1. The number of rhymes for right digit 2 or 5 are zero, as for 4, 6, 8, or 0. Rhyming decimal exponents among the known Mersenne primes, versus number of digits: 1 digit: 4 cases possible, all of which are found, 49 members of rhyme sets There are unavoidably many matches, since, after 2 and 5, there are only 4 choices for final digit, 1, 3, 7, 9. 1 13 cases (31, 61, 521, 2281, 9941, 21701, 216091, 2976221, 20996011, 25964951, 42643801, 57885161, 74207281) 2 (2) 3 12 cases (3, 13, 2203, 4253, 4423, 11213, 86243, 110503, 859433, 6972593, 24036583, 82589933) 5 (5) 7 15 cases (7, 17, 107, 127, 607, 3217, 19937, 44497, 1257787, 3021377, 13466917, 30402457, 32582657, 37156667, 77232917) 9 9 cases (19, 89, 1279, 9689, 23209, 132049, 756839, 1398269, 43112609) total 51 check 2 digit: 12 cases, 28 members 01 (21701, 42643801) 03 (3, 2203, 110503) 07 (7, 107, 607) 09 (23209, 43112609) 13 (13, 11213) 17 (17, 3217, 13466917, 77232917) 21 (521, 2976221) 33 (859433, 82589933) 57 (30402457, 32582657) 61 (61, 57885161) 81 (2281, 74207281) 89 (89, 9689) 3 digit: 2 cases, 4 members 281 (2281, 74207281) 917 (13466917, 77232917) 4 digit: 0 cases, 0 members; null set 2-digit rhymes are a subset of 1-digit rhymes. 3-digit are a subset of 2-digit. 4-digit would be a subset of 3-digit. Etc. Subset of a null set is null. 5-digit and higher rhyme length are necessarily null sets. Presumably, if the conjecture of existence of an infinite number of Mersenne primes is correct, there are exponent rhymes of any arbitrarily large length. Testing for rhyme exponents As a proactive measure against such guesses/trolls, I've tabulated the candidate prime rhymes in the mersenne.org exponent range 2 < r <109, and begun taking the factoring and testing of them further. As of 2020-12-24: Many known Mersenne primes' 7-digit decimal exponent prime rhymes for r<109 have been shown composite for all up to 100MDigit or higher: Mp51*, Mp48*, Mp46, Mp44, Mp42, Mp41, Mp39, Mp37, Mp34, Mp31, Mp30, Mp28, Mp27, Mp26, Mp23, Mp22, Mp20, Mp19, Mp18, Mp17, Mp14, Mp13, Mp12, Mp9, Mp8, Mp7, Mp6, Mp5, Mp4, Mp3, Mp2, Mp1 (32 of the 51 known) Of those, some are completed through 200Mdigits: Mp5, Mp23, Mp44 Some are only one PRP test away from complete to r<109: Mp44, Mp42, Mp39, Mp36 One is completed through r<109 (slightly higher than 300Mdigit): Mp5 (M13) Mp3 and Mp1 can have no prime exponents that are decimal rhymes (with 2 or 5 as right digit of the exponent) All known Mersenne primes' 7-digit decimal exponent prime rhymes for r<109 have been P-1 factored to recommended bounds up to 100Mdigit level except: Mp24 (260019937 is the remaining rhyme exponent, P-1 in progress) All known Mersenne primes' 7-digit decimal exponent prime rhymes for r<109 have been trial factored to recommended bounds up to 100Mdigit exponent level. For Mp47-Mp51* the rhyming exponents have been completed in TF and P-1 up to recommended bounds up to 200Mdigit level. Others with incomplete factoring below the 200Mdigit level: Mp46 has a P-1 pending on one rhyme exponent to that level, as do Mp43, Mp30, Mp25 and Mp24. Mp34 and Mp27 each have a rhyme exponent on which TF is pending and P-1 is unstarted. Mp26 has a rhyme exponent on which P-1 is unstarted. Mp22 and below mostly have multiple rhymes with factoring incomplete. TF remains to complete on >5% of identified rhymes; P-1 on >17%; PRP on >29%, of the 601 identified rhyming prime exponents < 109. As of 2021-02-09: Many known Mersenne primes' 7-digit decimal exponent prime rhymes for r<10 9 have been shown composite for all up to 100MDigit or higher: Mp51*, Mp49*, Mp48*, Mp46, Mp44, Mp42, Mp41, Mp39, Mp38, Mp37, Mp34, Mp31, Mp30, Mp28, Mp27, Mp26, Mp23, Mp22, Mp21, Mp20, Mp19, Mp18, Mp17, Mp14, Mp13, Mp12, Mp9, Mp8, Mp7, Mp6, Mp5, Mp4, Mp3, Mp2, Mp1 (35 of the 51 known) Of those, some are completed through 200Mdigits: Mp5, Mp23, Mp44 Some are only one PRP test away from complete to r<109: Mp44, Mp42, Mp39, Mp36, Mp18 One is completed through r<109 (slightly higher than 300Mdigit): Mp5 (M13) Mp3 and Mp1 can have no prime exponents that are decimal rhymes (with 2 or 5 as right digit of the exponent) All known Mersenne primes' 7-digit decimal exponent prime rhymes for r<109 have been P-1 factored to recommended bounds up to 100Mdigit level All known Mersenne primes' 7-digit decimal exponent prime rhymes for r<10 9 have been trial factored to recommended bounds up to 100Mdigit exponent level. For Mp47-Mp51* the rhyming exponents have been completed in TF and P-1 up to recommended bounds up to 200Mdigit level. Others with incomplete factoring below the 200Mdigit level: Mp46 has a P-1 pending on one rhyme exponent to that level, as do Mp25, Mp24, Mp21, Mp20, Mp16, Mp12, Mp11, Mp8, Mp7, and Mp2. Mp34 and Mp27 each have a rhyme exponent on which TF is pending and P-1 is unstarted below 200Mdigit. TF remains to complete on <1.5% of identified rhymes; P-1 on <13%; PRP on <29%, of the 601 identified rhyming prime exponents < 109. Estimated effort to complete remaining primality testing is about 3,900,000 GhzDays. This state of progress is the result of many people's efforts in TF, P-1, PRP or LL as part of the overall GIMPS project. Top of reference tree: https://www.mersenneforum.org/showpo...22&postcount=1 Last fiddled with by kriesel on 2021-02-10 at 00:01 Reason: 2021-01-22 small status update
 2020-12-24, 18:00 #3 kriesel     "TF79LL86GIMPS96gpu17" Mar 2017 US midwest 22·1,231 Posts Straights These are exponents such as 160456789 which also sometimes come up in dubious claims or guesses as exponents of Mersenne primes. In the mersenne.org search space 2
 2020-12-24, 18:07 #4 kriesel     "TF79LL86GIMPS96gpu17" Mar 2017 US midwest 10011001111002 Posts Repdigits and near-repdigits Repdigits are numbers consisting only of repetition of the same digit value. (Single-digit numbers are excluded by definition.) For Mersennes' exponents, digit values larger than one lead to composite exponents, and thereby to composite Mersenne numbers. Composite digit counts also lead to composite exponents and composite Mersenne numbers. This leaves exponents consisting of a prime number of ones, which lead to mostly composite exponents. It also leads to a very small set of candidates, since for p<109, number of digits no greater than 9, only 2, 3, 5, or 7 digits are prime length for exponent expressed in base ten. In 10, base 10 use ntheory; $count=0; for ($i=1; $i<10;$i++ ) { #repfield is $i as digits x 8 places foreach$j ( 1, 3, 7, 9 ) { #rightmost if ($i !=$j ) { $k=$i*11111111*10+$j; if ( Math::Prime::Util::GMP::is_prime($k) == 0 ) { # print "$k is composite\n"; } else { print "$k\n"; $count++; } } } } print "Counted$count\n(end)\n"; Requiring the differing digit to be on the right is a special case / subset of the near-repdigit definition. Checking for other positions of the differing digit, and annotating the resulting output with current status: Code: # nearrep2.pl # perl script to find near repdigit exponents i..iji..i, j != i, i>0, base 10 # where leftmost digit may be j but rightmost is not use ntheory; $count=0; for ($l=1; $l<9;$l++ ) { #power of ten at which digit differs for ( $j=0;$j<10; $j++ ) { #differing digit foreach$i ( 1, 3, 7, 9 ) { #repfield is $i as digits x 8 places if ($i != $j ) {$k= $i*111111111 +($j- $i) *10**$l; if ( Math::Prime::Util::GMP::is_prime($k) == 0 ) { # print "$k is composite\n"; } else { print "$k\n";$count++; } } } } } print "Counted \$count\n(end)\n"; Code: 333333313 factored 999999929 NF 84; P-1 NF; TF in progress 111111131 factored 111111181 LL C 777777577 factored 999999599 factored 777777677 factored 333331333 factored 999992999 NF 80, TF in progress 111113111 factored 333334333 factored 777776777 NF 85, P-1 NF, PRP in progress 777767777 factored 111181111 factored 111191111 factored 333233333 factored 999299999 NF 86, P-1 NF, PRP in progress 999499999 factored 999599999 NF 86, P-1 in progress 333733333 factored 333833333 factored 115111111 factored 776777777 factored 337333333 NF 81; P-1 NF, PRP in progress 118111111 LL C 778777777 factored 998999999 NF 86; P-1 NF, PRP in progress 101111111 factored 131111111 factored 373333333 factored 787777777 factored 577777777 factored 799999999 NF 85; P-1 NF; PRP assigned prematurely but no progress Counted 33 (end)` 23 factored, 2 LL composite primality test result, 8 remaining to be determined in the list immediately above. Top of reference tree: https://www.mersenneforum.org/showpo...22&postcount=1 Last fiddled with by kriesel on 2021-02-28 at 20:00 Reason: status updated
 2020-12-24, 18:10 #5 kriesel     "TF79LL86GIMPS96gpu17" Mar 2017 US midwest 114748 Posts Palindromic numbers as exponents Palindromic numbers are numbers that are reversible digit by digit without changing value. 110505011 is an example, which as a Mersenne exponent, leads to a P-1 factor. Palindromic numbers in base ten are quite common. The subset that are primes are also common. There are 5172 in 108
 2020-12-24, 18:18 #6 kriesel     "TF79LL86GIMPS96gpu17" Mar 2017 US midwest 22·1,231 Posts Prime approximations of round multiples of irrational numbers Consider r = c x 10n x b, where b is an irrational number such as pi, e, sqrt(2), sqrt(3), sqrt(5), sqrt(10), etc and where c, n are are small positive integers chosen such that 108< r < 109. And find the nearest prime exponent to r. Or r = c x 10n x bm where b is a transcendental number and m is also a small positive integer. Factoring or primality testing on such exponents may be useful by falling in regions of the number line that would not be selected otherwise in a simple QA selection method. Some early examples of such runs revealed limitations on CUDAPm1 exponent that were later found to be partly gpu-model dependent. 141421333 (PRP C & cert) < 141421356 ~ 108 sqrt (2) < 141421387 (factored) 147576139 (factored) < 147576140 ~108 2^(1/egamma) < 147576181 (factored) 157079621 (PRP C & cert) < 157079632.7 ~ 108 pi/2 < 157079633 (factored) 161803393 (factored) < 161803399 ~108 golden ratio < 161803403 (PRP C & cert) (all listed above <50Mdigits are completed) 173205079 (PRP in progress) < 173205081 ~ 108 sqrt (3) < 173205089 (factored) 223606793 (PRP in progress) < 223606798 ~ 108 sqrt (5) < 223606807 (PRP in progress) 271828171 (PRP in progress) < 271828183 ~108 e < 271828199 (PRP C, cert pending) 292005097 (factored) < 292005098 ~ 108 "Buenos Aires constant" < 292005113 (PRP assigned & queued) 314159257 (LL assignment stagnant; PRP in progress) < 314159265 ~108 pi < 314159311 (factored) 316227731 (factored) < 316227766 ~ 108 sqrt(10) < 316227767 (factored) (As of 2021-01-29, all listed above that are >50Mdigits & <100Mdigits are factored, or completed in TF and P-1 to recommended bit levels and bounds and primality tests are assigned) 543656363 (factored) < 543656366 ~2 x 108 e < 543656371 (TF, P-1 done, PRP in progress) 628318517 (TF & P-1 done) < 628318531 ~2 x 108 pi < 628318583 (TF & P-1 done) (As of 2021-01-29, all listed above that are >100Mdigits & <200Mdigits are factored, or completed in TF and P-1 to recommended bit levels and bounds) (As of 2021-02-27, all listed below >200Mdigits are factored, or TF completed to recommended bit levels and P-1 done to at least recommended bounds) 785398129 (factored) < 785398163 ~ 109 pi/4 < 785398169 (factored) 853973387 (factored) < 853973422 ~ 108 e pi < 853973437 (TF, P-1 done) 942477787 (factored) < 942477796 ~3 x 108 pi < 942477799 (TF done, P-1 done) 986960431 (factored) < 986960440 ~108 pi2 < 986960461 (TF & P-1 done) Suggestions for additions to the above list are welcome by PM. Top of reference tree: https://www.mersenneforum.org/showpo...22&postcount=1 Last fiddled with by kriesel on 2021-02-28 at 19:38 Reason: status updates
 2020-12-24, 21:23 #7 kriesel     "TF79LL86GIMPS96gpu17" Mar 2017 US midwest 133C16 Posts Personally significant dates encoded into exponents The idea of encoding personally significant dates into exponents came up in https://www.mersenneforum.org/showpo...04&postcount=8 and has no more mathematical merit than trying to pick a winning lottery ticket by the same method, which is no merit at all. But if it's fun, and you're not concerned about the leakage of personally identifying information, try it. Birthdates, anniversaries, etc. Top of reference tree: https://www.mersenneforum.org/showpo...22&postcount=1 Last fiddled with by kriesel on 2021-01-03 at 14:42

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