mersenneforum.org The dual Sierpinski/Riesel problem
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 2017-01-21, 11:01 #1 sweety439     Nov 2016 2×13×97 Posts The dual Sierpinski/Riesel problem There is a "Five or bust!" project, to search the primes of the form 2^n+k for all odd numbers k<78557, this is because 2^n+k is the dual of k*2^n+1. For k*2^n-1, the dual of it is |2^n-k|. The project found the probable primes 2^1518191+75353, 2^2249255+28433, 2^4583176+2131, 2^5146295+41693, and 2^9092392+40291. (see http://mersenneforum.org/showthread.php?t=10761) There is a "mixed Sierpinski theorem", which is that for all odd numbers k<78557, there is a prime of the form either k*2^n+1 or 2^n+k. At past, there was 3 k's < 78557 such that there is neither known prime of the form k*2^n+1 nor known prime of the form 2^n+k, namely 19249, 28433 and 67607 (for 67607, there was only probable prime known at that time, this probable prime is 2^16389+67607, but this number is now proven prime). Several years ago, a probable prime 2^551542+19249 was found, since it is only a probable prime and not a proven prime, we can not actually say that 19249 can be removed from the list. However, people were looking for prime for the only remaining number, 28433, and found the prime 28433*2^7830457+1, since it is a proven prime, we can remove 28433 from the list. In March 2007, the prime 19249*2^13018586+1 was found, and "the mixed Sierpinski problem" become a theorem as soon as this prime was found. (The smallest odd k such that there is no known prime of the form k*2^n+1 is 21181, and the smallest odd k such that there is no known proven prime of the form 2^n+k is 2131, it has only probable prime known: 2^4583176+2131, all k's < 78557 has a known (probable) prime of the form 2^n+k) For the mixed Riesel problem, there are still 5 odd k's < 509203 (these k's are 2293, 342847, 344759, 386801, 444637) with neither known prime of the form k*2^n-1 nor known (probable) prime of the form |2^n-k|, the first such k is 2293. (note that 2293 is also the smallest odd k such that there is no known prime of the form k*2^n-1, 2293 is also the smallest odd k such that there is no known (probable) prime of the form |2^n-k|, and all k's < 2293 has a known proven prime of the form |2^n-k|) For k = 363343 and 384539, only probable prime of the form |2^n-k| is known, the probable primes are |2^13957-363343| and |2^32672-384539|. See http://mersenneforum.org/showthread.php?t=10754 for the dual Sierpinski problem and see http://mersenneforum.org/showthread.php?t=6545 for the dual Riesel problem. For generalized Sierpinski/Riesel conjecture to base b, the dual of k*b^n+1 is (b^n+k)/gcd(b^n, k), and the dual of k*b^n-1 is (|b^n-k|)/gcd(b^n, k). These are the dual (probable) primes that I found of the Sierpinski/Riesel conjectures that has only one k remaining for bases b<=144: (See http://mersenneforum.org/showpost.ph...42&postcount=1) Code: form dual form least prime for the "dual form" dual n 2036*9^n+1 9^n+2036 9^4+2036 4 7666*10^n+1 (10^n+7666)/2 (10^67+7666)/2 67 244*17^n+1 17^n+244 17^838+244 838 5128*22^n+1 (22^n+5128)/8 (22^11+5128)/8 11 398*27^n+1 27^n+398 27^7+398 7 166*43^n+1 43^n+166 ? (>1000) 17*68^n+1 (68^n+17)/17 (68^1+17)/17 1 1312*75^n+1 75^n+1312 ? (>1000) 8*86^n+1 (86^n+8)/8 (86^205+8)/8 205 32*87^n+1 87^n+32 ? (>1000) 1696*112^n+1 (112^n+1696)/32 (112^44+1696)/32 44 48*118^n+1 (118^n+48)/16 (118^57+48)/16 57 34*122^n+1 (122^n+34)/2 (122^2+34)/2 2 40*128^n+1 (128^n+40)/8 (128^2+40)/8 2 Code: form dual form least prime for the "dual form" dual n 1597*6^n-1 |6^n-1597| |6^3-1597| 3 4421*10^n-1 |10^n-4421| |10^212-4421| 212 3656*22^n-1 (|22^n-3656|)/8 ? (>1000) 404*23^n-1 |23^n-404| |23^568-404| 568 706*27^n-1 |27^n-706| |27^2-706| 2 424*93^n-1 |93^n-424| |93^1-424| 1 29*94^n-1 |94^n-29| |94^2-29| 2 924*103^n-1 |103^n-924| |103^1-924| 1 84*109^n-1 |109^n-84| |109^6-84| 6 24*123^n-1 (|123^n-24|)/3 (|123^5-24|)/3 5 926*133^n-1 |133^n-926| |133^2-926| 2 Last fiddled with by sweety439 on 2017-01-21 at 12:18
 2017-04-21, 16:07 #2 sweety439     Nov 2016 2·13·97 Posts The n's such that the dual forms are (probable) primes: 9^n+2036: 4, 208, ... (10^n+7666)/2: 67, 103, ... 17^n+244: 838, ... (22^n+5128)/8: 11, 63, 519, ... 27^n+398: 7, 375, ... 43^n+166: (no known such n) (68^n+17)/17: 1, 7, ... 75^n+1312: (no known such n) (86^n+8)/8: 205, ... 87^n+32: (no known such n) (112^n+1696)/32: 44, ... (118^n+48)/16: 57, ... (122^n+34)/2: 2, 98, ... (128^n+40)/8: 2, 8, ... |6^n-1597|: 3, 1731, .,. |10^n-4421|: 212, 284, ... (|22^n-3656|)/8: (no known such n) |23^n-404|: 568, ... |27^n-706|: 2, 10, 786, ... |93^n-424|: 1, 133, 151, 397, ... |94^n-29|: 2, ... |103^n-924|: 1, 97, ... |109^n-84|: 6, 18, 20, 362, ... (|123^n-24|)/3: 5, 84, ... |133^n-926|: 2, 111, 155, ...
 2017-04-21, 16:28 #3 sweety439     Nov 2016 2·13·97 Posts Thus, the "mix Sierpinski/Riesel problem" of these bases are proven except S43, S75, S87 and R22.
 2017-05-20, 15:41 #4 sweety439     Nov 2016 2×13×97 Posts For generalized Sierpinski/Riesel conjecture to base b, the dual of k*b^n+1 is (b^n+k)/d, where d is the largest number that divides b^n+k for all enough large n, and the dual of k*b^n-1 is (|b^n-k|)/d, where d is the largest number that divides |b^n-k| for all enough large n. If this number is not a integer, then we choose its numerator (this number is always a rational number :-) ) Last fiddled with by sweety439 on 2017-05-20 at 15:42
2017-06-01, 14:05   #5
sweety439

Nov 2016

2×13×97 Posts

Quote:
 Originally Posted by sweety439 The n's such that the dual forms are (probable) primes: 9^n+2036: 4, 208, ... (10^n+7666)/2: 67, 103, ... 17^n+244: 838, ... (22^n+5128)/8: 11, 63, 519, ... 27^n+398: 7, 375, ... 43^n+166: (no known such n) (68^n+17)/17: 1, 7, ... 75^n+1312: (no known such n) (86^n+8)/8: 205, ... 87^n+32: (no known such n) (112^n+1696)/32: 44, ... (118^n+48)/16: 57, ... (122^n+34)/2: 2, 98, ... (128^n+40)/8: 2, 8, ... |6^n-1597|: 3, 1731, .,. |10^n-4421|: 212, 284, ... (|22^n-3656|)/8: (no known such n) |23^n-404|: 568, ... |27^n-706|: 2, 10, 786, ... |93^n-424|: 1, 133, 151, 397, ... |94^n-29|: 2, ... |103^n-924|: 1, 97, ... |109^n-84|: 6, 18, 20, 362, ... (|123^n-24|)/3: 5, 84, ... |133^n-926|: 2, 111, 155, ...
Written the dual forms with standard forms (i.e. (a*b^n+c)/gcd(a+c,b-1), with integers a, b, c, a>=1, b>=2, gcd(a,c) = 1, gcd(b,c) = 1):

(10^n+7666)/2 ---> 5*10^n+3833 (this n turns to be n-1)
(22^n+5128)/8 ---> 1331*22^n+641 (this n turns to be n-3)
(68^n+17)/17 ---> 4*68^n+1 (this n turns to be n-1)
(86^n+8)/8 ---> 79507*86^n+1 (this n turns to be n-3)
(112^n+1696)/32 ---> 392*112^n+53 (this n turns to be n-2)
(118^n+48)/16 ---> 12117361*118^n+3 (this n turns to be n-4)
(122^n+34)/2 ---> 61*122^n+17 (this n turns to be n-1)
(128^n+40)/8 ---> 16*128^n+5 (this n turns to be n-1)

(22^n-3656)/8 ---> 1331*22^n-457 (this n turns to be n-3)
(123^n-24)/3 ---> 41*123^n-8 (this n turns to be n-1)

(now, we allow negative primes, such as -5 and -47, thus we can omit the absolute value sign)

Last fiddled with by sweety439 on 2017-06-01 at 14:06

2017-10-11, 17:35   #6
sweety439

Nov 2016

2·13·97 Posts

This file is for the dual Riesel problem for k=2 with bases 2<=b<=400.

The formula is (b^n-2)/gcd(b,2)

There are 7 bases remain: 278, 296, 305, 338, 353, 386, 397.

The original primes for these bases are:

Code:
2*278^43908-1
2*296^36-1
2*305^2-1
2*338^12-1
2*353^2-1
2*386^2-1
2*397^18-1
In fact, the "mixed Riesel conjecture for k=2" is now a theorem for bases 2<=b<=1024, since all bases 2<=b<=1024 have either a prime of the form 2*b^n-1 or a (probable) prime of the form (b^n-2)/gcd(b,2)

The dual primes for the remain bases 2<=b<=1024 are:

Code:
581^18-2
(992^90-2)/2
1019^4-2
Also see the OEIS sequence A255707 and the website http://www.primepuzzles.net/puzzles/puzz_887.htm.
Attached Files
 dual Riesel k=2.txt (2.7 KB, 88 views)

Last fiddled with by sweety439 on 2017-10-18 at 03:12

2017-10-13, 13:18   #7
sweety439

Nov 2016

2×13×97 Posts

Also update the dual Sierpinski k=2 file, also for bases 2<=b<=400. (in fact, this is "dual extended Sierpinski")

The formula is (b^n+2)/gcd(b,2)/gcd(b-1,3)

Note: b=128 has no possible prime.

Also see the OEIS sequence A138066
Attached Files
 dual Sierpinski k=2.txt (2.7 KB, 84 views)

Last fiddled with by sweety439 on 2017-10-18 at 03:03

 2017-10-13, 13:19 #8 sweety439     Nov 2016 2×13×97 Posts See OEIS sequence A067760 and A252168 for the dual Sierpinski/Riesel base 2 problem.
2017-10-15, 14:06   #9
sweety439

Nov 2016

9DA16 Posts

These are files for the dual Sierpinski/Riesel problem base 3. (for k<=1024, k even, k not divisible by 3)

i.e. least n>=1 such that 3^n+k or |3^n-k| is prime.
Attached Files
 dual S3.txt (2.3 KB, 90 views) dual R3.txt (2.3 KB, 72 views)

Last fiddled with by sweety439 on 2017-10-18 at 02:59

2017-11-01, 18:48   #10
sweety439

Nov 2016

2×13×97 Posts

305^n-2 is composite for all n<=10000.

File attached.
Attached Files
 305.txt (239.7 KB, 209 views)

2017-11-25, 20:35   #11
sweety439

Nov 2016

252210 Posts

Quote:
 Originally Posted by sweety439 305^n-2 is composite for all n<=10000. File attached.
Reserve 305^n-2 to n=20000.

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